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Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia... 2016Balantidium coli is a protozoon that can cause dysentery in humans, pigs and nonhuman primates, with zoonotic potential. In the literature, there is still little... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Balantidium coli is a protozoon that can cause dysentery in humans, pigs and nonhuman primates, with zoonotic potential. In the literature, there is still little information on the effectiveness of different laboratory techniques for diagnosing this disease. This study compared and evaluated the performance of the Lutz, modified Ritchie, Faust, modified Sheather and direct examination techniques for detecting cysts of this protozoon. Between 2012 and 2014, 1905 fecal samples were collected from captive animals in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Of these, 790 were obtained from the rectum of pigs and 1115 from enclosures occupied by nonhuman primates. B. coli cysts were most evident through direct examination (22.4% of the samples) and the Lutz technique (21%). Fair agreement (Kappa = 0.41; p < 0.05) was observed only between direct examination and Lutz. The flotation techniques (Faust and modified Sheather) did not show good recovery of cysts. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the frequency of cysts between pigs and nonhuman primates could only be observed through direct examination and the Lutz technique. The most efficient method for diagnosing this parasitosis was seen to an association between direct examination and the spontaneous sedimentation technique.
Topics: Animals; Balantidiasis; Balantidium; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cysts; Feces; Parasitology; Primates; Swine
PubMed: 27580392
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612016044 -
Veterinary World Aug 2020Bullfighting is booming in South Thailand, attracting tourists, and stimulating local economies. The bulls are well raised and practiced, but in many cases, the owners...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Bullfighting is booming in South Thailand, attracting tourists, and stimulating local economies. The bulls are well raised and practiced, but in many cases, the owners lack knowledge and understanding of the prevention of animal diseases, including parasitic infections. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasite infection in fighting bulls.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 1501 fecal samples were collected from bulls aged 2-5 years visiting the animal hospital of Prince of Songkla University during 2016-2019. The formalin ethylether concentration method was used to detect GI parasites in feces.
RESULTS
The overall rate of GI parasite infection was 94.27%. Rumen fluke eggs were detected in 97.17% of all infected animals, followed in prevalence by strongyles (26.29%), spp. (2.83%), spp. (2.47%), spp. (0.35%), and spp. (0.14%). Two protozoan genera were identified, (6.64%) and spp. (3.53%). Coinfection was observed in 33.99%. The five most common coinfections were rumen fluke with strongyles (20.85%), (4.66%), spp. (1.55%), spp. (1.34%), and spp. (1.06%).
CONCLUSION
In addition to high GI parasite infection rates, zoonotic parasites were observed. Therefore, it is recommended that farmers should follow good sanitation and prevention practices to control parasitic infections in bulls, and proper hygienic precautions should be taken by the owners. Implementation of deworming programs using appropriateanthelmintic drugs as well as rotation of anthelmintic drug that have different chemical agent to prevent further drug resistance should be considered. The promotion of bull health management is highly recommended to protect humans from zoonotic diseases.
PubMed: 33061225
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1544-1548 -
Experimental Animals Aug 2019There are few effective antimicrobial agents against Balantidium coli infection. The effect of paromomycin sulfate (PS) against B. coli was confirmed in this study of...
There are few effective antimicrobial agents against Balantidium coli infection. The effect of paromomycin sulfate (PS) against B. coli was confirmed in this study of 596 captive cynomolgus monkeys. In several trials, the minimum dose and duration of oral administration of PS were 25 mg/day for 5 + 5 days, with a 2-day withdrawal interval. To facilitate daily PS administration, pumpkin cakes supplemented with PS were made, which not only resulted in precise effects but also increased the efficiency of preparation and administration of PS by the animal care staff. No cysts or trophozoites were detected at 14 or 16 days after the last treatments. There were no obvious differences in blood and biochemical parameters between before and after administration of PS. These results indicate that PS is effective for elimination of B. coli without hematological side effects. These data could contribute to the control of microbiological pathogens during veterinary care and colony management in primate facilities.
Topics: Animals; Antiprotozoal Agents; Balantidiasis; Balantidium; Feces; Female; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Monkey Diseases; Paromomycin
PubMed: 30814394
DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0133 -
Annals of Parasitology 2021Parasitic haemoprotozoan and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are a big issue in animal husbandry and one of the most significant causes for livestock economic losses in...
Parasitic haemoprotozoan and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are a big issue in animal husbandry and one of the most significant causes for livestock economic losses in underdeveloped countries. This study aimed to record preliminary information on the prevalence of haemoprotozoan and gastrointestinal parasites of Awassi breed of sheep imported from Syria into Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq. Faecal and blood samples were randomly collected from a total of 714 sheep of both sexes from June to September 2019. Giemsa staining technique, direct faecal smear, saturated salt flotation method, and simple sedimentation technique, were applied to diagnose the parasitic stages in the coprological and blood specimens. The overall prevalence rate was 75.63%. Single and mixed infection rates of parasites were 55.46%, and 20.16%, respectively. GI parasites and haemoprotozoan infection rates were 78.15%, and 20.16%, respectively. Of all parasites, the most prevalent was Eimeria spp. (68%), followed by Babesia spp. (20.15%), Balantidium coli (5.90%), Fasciola hepatica (2.50%), and strongyles (1.7%). The prevalence rates for GI parasites and haemoprotozoa varied considerably in regard to sex categories. It is recommended that strict quarantine procedures, adequate parasitological monitoring, and therapeutic approaches should be implemented to animals transported from bordering countries to minimize the incidence of parasite infection.
Topics: Animals; Female; Iraq; Male; Parasites; Prevalence; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Syria
PubMed: 34953121
DOI: 10.17420/ap6703.359 -
Tropical Parasitology Jan 2012Emerging protozoal pathogens have become a major threat to human health. The number of protozoal pathogens causing human disease has been on the rise since the last two...
Emerging protozoal pathogens have become a major threat to human health. The number of protozoal pathogens causing human disease has been on the rise since the last two to three decades. Significant increase in the number of immunocompromised people, increase in international travel, deforestation, and widespread urban dwellings are some of the factors contributing to this changing epidemiology of protozoal diseases. Apart from Naegleria and Acanthamoeba, other free-living amoebae like Balamuthia and Sappinia are being reported to cause meningoencephalitis in humans. Plasmodium knowlesi, a zoonotic malarial parasite, has become a major cause of human malaria in Southeast Asia. Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma lewisi, which normally infect horses and rodents respectively, have been reported to cause human trypanosomiasis in India. Balantidium coli is emerging as an important cause of dysentery especially in the immunocompromised population. In India, where a significant proportion of population lives in close proximity to cattle and pigs, B. coli can emerge as a significant pathogen in cases of dysentery, especially in the immunocompromised population. Babesia microti has become an important cause of transfusion transmitted babesiosis (TTB) in countries like the United States. As Babesia can be misdiagnosed as Plasmodium and blood transfusion is becoming common in India, it is necessary to develop diagnostic tests to rule out this pathogen in blood donors. Increased awareness among clinicians, pathologists, and microbiologists along with other factors like constant surveillance, improved diagnostic tests, and a high index of suspicion are important to detect and properly treat such emerging protozoal pathogens in humans.
PubMed: 23508066
DOI: 10.4103/2229-5070.97233 -
The Indian Medical Gazette Jul 1934
PubMed: 29009170
DOI: No ID Found -
Parasitology Research Jul 2014We tested 114 faecal samples from wild simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-positive (n = 43) and SIV-negative (n = 71) chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes)...
We tested 114 faecal samples from wild simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-positive (n = 43) and SIV-negative (n = 71) chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) in southeast Cameroon for the presence of gastrointestinal parasites by direct smear. We observed cysts from different protozoa (Entamoeba coli and Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba butschlii, Chilomastix mesnili, Balantidium coli and Blastocystis cells) and trophozoites from Troglodytella abrassarti and Balantidium coli. Eggs from different helminths (strongylids, Ascaris lumbricoides, Abbreviata caucasica, Trichuris sp., Capillaria sp., Enterobius anthropopeci, Bertiella sp., Hymenolepis diminuta and an undetermined fluke) were also observed. Finally, we observed eggs that could not be properly identified and classified. We did not observe any differences between the SIV+ and SIV- samples except for the unidentified eggs. The studied chimpanzees were highly parasitised by strongylid (85.1% of prevalence), Troglodytella (43.8%) and Blastocystis (2.9%), and the frequency of the other parasites ranged from 0.9 to 8.8%. These high levels of parasite infections could represent an additional burden in a population where there is a high rate of the SIV virus in circulation.
Topics: Animals; Cameroon; Coinfection; Entamoeba; Entamoebiasis; Feces; Helminthiasis, Animal; Helminths; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Pan troglodytes; Prevalence; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
PubMed: 24781023
DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3904-y -
International Journal For Parasitology.... Apr 2021sp. is a lungworm with worldwide distribution in wild boars and other suids. In Switzerland, two wild boar populations are geographically divided by the Alps. We...
Lungworms ( spp.) and intestinal parasitic stages of two separated Swiss wild boar populations north and south of the Alps: Similar parasite spectrum with regional idiosyncrasies.
sp. is a lungworm with worldwide distribution in wild boars and other suids. In Switzerland, two wild boar populations are geographically divided by the Alps. We investigated 84 wild boars, 52 from north and 32 from south of the Alps, different in sex and age (juveniles, subadults, adults), shot between September and December 2018. The lungs were macroscopically examined and dissected for the detection of specimens. Additionally, faecal samples were obtained from 55 animals and analysed by sedimentation/flotation and the mini-FLOTAC® method. Overall, 12'774 sp. specimens were isolated: prevalence was 77.4% and mean burden 196.5 (range: 1-2589), with no significant differences between north (80.8%, 218.0) and south (71.9%, 157.4) nor between sexes and age groups. Macroscopically, dense nodular lesions associated with sp. were present in 19 out of 65 (33.9%) positive lungs. Five sp. were detected: (67.9%), (63.1%), (56%), (44%) and (17.9%), with a significant difference ( = 0.012) between north (32.7%) and south (62.5%) for . The lungworm population was female biased. The number of sp. eggs in faecal samples did not correlate with worm burdens. Furthermore, the following endoparasites were detected: / sp. (74.5%), (27.3%%), (20.0%), sp. (18.2%), sp. (9.1%), sp. (7.3%), (3.6%) sp. (3.6%) and (1.8%), with significant differences for (north 36.1% > south 10.5%) and sp. (only south, 26.3%). Although geographically separated, both Swiss wild boar populations share similar parasite spectra, while also showing some regional idiosyncrasies partially explained by ecological and climatic factors. Despite their clinical relevance being unknown, accurate knowledge concerning the distribution of endoparasites in the wildlife reservoir is relevant to better understand risk factors for the domestic pig population.
PubMed: 33898221
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.03.005 -
Journal of Parasitic Diseases :... Dec 2018Detection of urinary parasites is relatively rare and incidental finding in routine urine examination. Common urinary parasitic infections as described in literature...
Detection of urinary parasites is relatively rare and incidental finding in routine urine examination. Common urinary parasitic infections as described in literature include Trichomonas, and Microfilaria. is known to cause vaginitis and urethritis, and may be found in urine sediments. In this study, the spectrum of urinary parasitic infections that had been reported in the last one and a half year was evaluated, and point prevalence in this zone was estimated. Microbiologist opinion had been taken in the difficult cases. Out of the total centrifuged urine sediments examined, urinary parasitic infection was found in 33 cases. The calculated point prevalence is 0.39%. Most common parasitic infection reported was flagellates (27 cases: 25 , 2 commensal flagellate closest to ), followed by three cases showing eggs of , one case showing larvae of and two cases of ciliate protozoa. One of the ciliate protozoa was and the other one was like ciliate morphologically closest to spp. Pyuria was found in 22 out of the 33 cases and hematuria in 17 out of 33 cases. A fairly wide morphological spectrum of parasites may be diagnosed through microscopic examination of centrifuged urine sediment. They may cause pyuria and haematuria, and morphological awareness helps in prompt and effective management in most cases.
PubMed: 30538361
DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-1043-6 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Aug 2022is an important diarrheal pathogen in humans and animals, especially in young hosts. To accurately and rapidly detect infection in calves, we established a nano-PCR...
is an important diarrheal pathogen in humans and animals, especially in young hosts. To accurately and rapidly detect infection in calves, we established a nano-PCR assay targeting the gene for the specific detection of . This nano-PCR assay was ten times more sensitive than that of the normal PCR assay by applying the same primers and did not cross-react with , , , , , , and sp. To further test the nano-PCR in clinical settings, a total of 20 faecal samples from calves were examined by using the nano-PCR, the normal PCR, and the nested PCR assays. The positive rates were 30% (6/20), 30% (6/20), and 25% (5/20) for the nano-PCR, the normal PCR, and the nested PCR assays, respectively, indicating that the nano-PCR and the normal PCR assays had the same positive rate (30%). Taken together, the present study could provide a candidate method for the specific detection of infection in calves in clinical settings.
PubMed: 35953942
DOI: 10.3390/ani12151953